Ibyuma bitagira umwanda (Icyuma)ni impfunyapfunyo ya acide idashobora kwangirika, hamwe nicyiciro cyibyuma birwanya itangazamakuru ryangirika nkumwuka, umwuka, amazi, cyangwa bifite ibintu bitagira umwanda byitwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda.
Ijambo "ibyuma"ntabwo yerekeza gusa ku bwoko bumwe bw'ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ahubwo bivuga ubwoko burenga ijana bw'ibyuma bitagira inganda, buri kimwe muri byo kikaba gifite imikorere myiza murwego rwihariye rwo gukoresha.
Byose birimo chromium 17 kugeza 22%, kandi amanota meza yicyuma nayo arimo nikel.Ongeramo molybdenum irashobora kurushaho kunoza kwangirika kwikirere, cyane cyane kurwanya ruswa mu kirere kirimo chloride.
一.Gutondekanya ibyuma bitagira umwanda
1. Icyuma kitagira umwanda nicyuma kirwanya aside ni iki?
Igisubizo: Icyuma kitagira umwanda ni impfunyapfunyo yicyuma kitarwanya aside, irwanya itangazamakuru ryangirika nkumwuka, umwuka, amazi, cyangwa rifite ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Ibyiciro byibyuma byangirika byitwa ibyuma birwanya aside.
Bitewe no gutandukanya imiterere yimiti yombi, kurwanya kwangirika kwabo biratandukanye.Ibyuma bisanzwe bidafite ingese muri rusange ntibishobora kurwanya imiti yangirika, mugihe ibyuma birwanya aside muri rusange bidafite umwanda.
2. Nigute washyira mubyuma ibyuma bidafite ingese?
Igisubizo: Ukurikije imiterere yubuyobozi, irashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bya martensitike, ibyuma bya ferritic, ibyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bya austenitike-ferritic (duplex) ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe n’imvura ikomera ibyuma bitagira umwanda.
(1) Ibyuma bya Martensitike: imbaraga nyinshi, ariko plastike mbi no gusudira.
Ibyiciro bikunze gukoreshwa mubyuma bya martensitike bidafite ibyuma ni 1Cr13, 3Cr13, nibindi, kubera ibirimo karubone nyinshi, bifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana no kwihanganira kwambara, ariko kurwanya ruswa ni bike, kandi bikoreshwa mubintu bya mashini nini kandi Kurwanya ruswa.Bimwe mubice rusange birasabwa, nkamasoko, ibyuma bya turbine, ibyuma byamazi ya hydraulic, nibindi.
Ubu bwoko bwibyuma bikoreshwa nyuma yo kuzimya no gushyuha, kandi annealing irakenewe nyuma yo guhimba no gushiraho kashe.
(2) Ibyuma bya ferritic: 15% kugeza 30% chromium.Kurwanya ruswa, gukomera no gusudira byiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwa chromium, hamwe no kurwanya chloride ihangayikishije ni byiza kuruta ubundi bwoko bwibyuma bitagira umwanda, nka Crl7, Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25, Cr25Mo3Ti, Cr28, nibindi.
Kubera ibintu byinshi bya chromium, birwanya ruswa kandi birwanya okiside ni byiza, ariko imiterere yubukanishi hamwe nibikorwa byayo ni bibi.Ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa birwanya aside hamwe na stress nkeya kandi nkicyuma kirwanya okiside.
Ubu bwoko bwibyuma burashobora kurwanya kwangirika kwikirere, aside nitricike hamwe numuti wumunyu, kandi bifite ibiranga ubushyuhe bwiza bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe na coefficient ntoya yo kwagura ubushyuhe.Ikoreshwa muri acide ya nitric n'ibikoresho byo muruganda rwibiryo, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mugukora ibice bikora mubushyuhe bwinshi, nkibice bya gaz turbine, nibindi.
.Imikorere myiza muri rusange, irwanya ruswa nibitangazamakuru bitandukanye.
Mubisanzwe, hafatwa ingamba zo gukemura, ni ukuvuga, ibyuma bishyuha kugeza kuri 1050-1150 ° C, hanyuma bikonjesha amazi cyangwa bikonjesha ikirere kugirango ubone icyiciro cya austenite.
.Austenite na ferrite buri konte hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyicyuma.
Kubijyanye nibirimo C bike, Cr irimo 18% kugeza 28%, naho Ni ni 3% kugeza 10%.Ibyuma bimwe na bimwe birimo ibintu bivanga nka Mo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, na N.
Ubu bwoko bwibyuma bufite ibiranga ibyuma byombi bya austenitike na ferritic.Ugereranije na ferrite, ifite plastike nubukomere bukabije, nta bushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwicyumba, byateye imbere cyane kurwanya ruswa hagati yimitsi no gusudira, mugihe gikomeza icyuma Umubiri ibyuma bitagira ingese byacitse kuri 475 ° C, bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi bifite ibiranga superplasticity .
Ugereranije nicyuma cya austenitis kitagira umuyonga, gifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi cyanonosoye cyane kurwanya ruswa hagati yimibumbe na chloride.Duplex idafite ibyuma idafite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kandi nayo ni nikel ikiza nikel.
.Nicyuma kitagira ingese gishobora gukomera (gukomera) no gukomera kwimvura (bizwi kandi no gukomera kwimyaka).
Ukurikije ibihimbano, igabanyijemo ibyuma bya chromium bitagira umuyonga, chromium-nikel ibyuma bitagira umuyonga na chromium manganese azote ibyuma bitagira umwanda.
.Nyamara, gusudira kwayo ni muke, kandi hagomba kwitonderwa uburyo bwo gusudira hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe.
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二.Ibibazo bitoroshye mugusudira ibyuma bidafite ingese no kumenyekanisha gukoresha ibikoresho nibikoresho
1. Kuki gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda bigoye?
Igisubizo:.
(2) bikunze kuvunika ubushyuhe;
(3) Kurinda nabi hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bwo hejuru;
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2. Ni izihe ngamba zifatika zikoranabuhanga zishobora gufatwa mugusudira ibyuma bya austenitis?
Igisubizo: (1) Hitamo neza ibikoresho byo gusudira ukurikije imiterere yimiti yicyuma fatizo;
(2) Gusudira byihuse hamwe ningufu ntoya, ingufu ntoya zigabanya ubushyuhe bwinjira;
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(5) Kurinda Argon inyuma ya TIG weld;
(6) Abasudira bahuye nuburyo bubora amaherezo barabasudira;
(7) Kuvura passiwasi ya weld hamwe na zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe.
3. Kuki tugomba guhitamo urukurikirane rwo gusudira 25-13 hamwe na electrode yo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umuyonga wa austenitike, ibyuma bya karubone hamwe nicyuma giciriritse (gusudira ibyuma bidasa)?
Igisubizo: Gusudira ibyuma bidasa ningingo zisudira zihuza ibyuma bya austenitike bitagira umuyonga hamwe nicyuma cya karubone hamwe nicyuma giciriritse, icyuma cyo kubitsa gusudira kigomba gukoresha insinga zo gusudira 25-13 (309, 309L) ninkoni yo gusudira (Austenitike 312, Austenitike 307, nibindi).
Niba ibindi bikoresho byo gusudira bidafite ingese byakoreshejwe, imiterere ya martensitike hamwe nibice bikonje bizagaragara kumurongo wo guhuza kuruhande rwibyuma bya karubone hamwe nicyuma gito.
4. Kuki insinga zikomeye zo gusudira zidafite ibyuma zikoresha 98% Ar + 2% O2 gaze ikingira?
Igisubizo: Mugihe cyo gusudira MIG y'icyuma gikomeye kitagira umuyonga, niba gaze ya argon isukuye ikoreshwa mukurinda, impagarara zubuso bwa pisine yashongeshejwe ni ndende, kandi gusudira ntibyakozwe nabi, byerekana imiterere ya "humpback".Ongeramo 1 kugeza 2% ogisijeni irashobora kugabanya uburemere bwubuso bwa pisine yashongeshejwe, kandi ikidodo gisudira kiroroshye kandi cyiza.
5. Kuki ubuso bwicyuma gikomeye cyo gusudira insinga MIG weld ihinduka umukara?Nigute wakemura iki kibazo?
Igisubizo: Umuvuduko wo gusudira MIG wicyuma gikomeye cyo gusudira ibyuma birihuta cyane (30-60cm / min).Iyo gazi yo gukingira yiruka igana ahantu h'imbere ya pisine yashonze, icyuma gisudira kiracyari mu bushyuhe butukura-bushyuhe bwo hejuru, bukaba bworoshye okiside yumuyaga, kandi okiside iba hejuru.Abasudira ni umukara.Uburyo bwo gutoragura pasivation burashobora gukuraho uruhu rwumukara no kugarura ibara ryumwimerere ryicyuma kitagira umwanda.
6. Ni kubera iki insinga zikomeye zo gusudira zidafite ingese zikeneye gukoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo zigere ku ndege no gusudira ubusa?
Igisubizo: Iyo icyuma gikomeye kitagira umuyonga MIG gusudira, φ1.2 insinga yo gusudira, mugihe I ≥ 260 ~ 280A iriho, inzibacyuho yindege irashobora kugerwaho;igitonyanga ni kigufi-cyinzibacyuho hamwe na munsi yagaciro, kandi spatter nini, mubisanzwe ntabwo byemewe.
Gusa ukoresheje amashanyarazi ya MIG hamwe na pulse, birashoboka ko impiswi itonyanga iva mubintu bito igana ku bisobanuro binini (hitamo agaciro ntarengwa cyangwa ntarengwa ukurikije diameter y'insinga), gusudira ubusa.
7. Ni ukubera iki insinga zo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umuyonga zirinda gaze ya CO2 aho kuba amashanyarazi?
Igisubizo: Kugeza ubu ikoreshwa cyane rya flux-cored idafite ibyuma byo gusudira (nka 308, 309, nibindi), formula yo gusudira flux yo mu nsinga yo gusudira yakozwe hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gusudira bwa metallurgical reaction yo kurinda gaze ya CO2, bityo muri rusange , nta mpamvu yo gukenera amashanyarazi yo gusudira arc (Amashanyarazi hamwe na pulse ahanini akenera gukoresha gaze ivanze), niba ushaka kwinjira mubitonyanga bitonyanga mbere, urashobora kandi gukoresha amashanyarazi ya pulse cyangwa moderi isanzwe ikingira gusudira hamwe gusudira gazi ivanze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-24-2023